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general description the max2605?ax2609 are compact, high-performance intermediate-frequency (if) voltage-controlled oscillators (vcos) designed specifically for demanding portable wireless communication systems. they combine monolith- ic construction with low-noise, low-power operation in a tiny 6-pin sot23 package. these low-noise vcos feature an on-chip varactor and feedback capacitors that eliminate the need for external tuning elements, making the max2605?ax2609 ideal for portable systems. only an external inductor is required to set the oscillation frequency. in addition, an integrated differential output buffer is provided for dri- ving a mixer or prescaler. the buffer output is capable of supplying up to -8dbm (differential) with a simple power match. it also provides isolation from load impedance variations. the max2605?ax2609 operate from a single +2.7v to +5.5v supply and offer low current consumption. these if oscillators can cover the 45mhz to 650mhz frequency range. applications cellular and pcs mobile phones 2.4ghz ism band 902mhz to 928mhz ism band land mobile radio gps receivers general-purpose if oscillators features small size integrated varactor for tuning low phase noise wide application frequency range differential or single-ended outputs single +2.7v to +5.5v supply ultra-small sot23-6 package on-chip temperature-stable bias low-current operation 45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output gnd out- tune 16 out+ 5 v cc ind max2605 max2606 max2607 max2608 max2609 sot23-6 top view 2 34 19-1673; rev 0a; 4/02 pin configuration/ functional diagram ordering information part max2605 max2606 max2607 150 to 300 70 to 150 45 to 70 frequency range (mhz) supply current (ma) 1.9 2.1 2.1 max2608 300 to 500 2.7 phase noise (dbc/hz) -117 -112 -107 -100 max2609 500 to 650 3.6 -93 selector guide aabe 6 sot23-6 -40? to +85? max2608eut-t aabd aabc aabb top mark 6 sot23-6 6 sot23-6 6 sot23-6 pin- package temp. range -40? to +85? -40? to +85? -40? to +85? MAX2607EUT-t max2606eut-t max2605eut-t part aabf 6 sot23-6 -40? to +85? max2609eut-t functional diagrams pin configurations appear at end of data sheet. functional diagrams continued at end of data sheet. ucsp is a trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. available evaluation kit available for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim?s website at www.maxim integrated.com. max2605?max2609
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output absolute maximum ratings dc electrical characteristics (v cc = +2.7v to +5.5v, v tune = 0.4v to 2.4v, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical values are at v cc = +2.75v, v tune = 1.5v, and t a = +25?.) (note1) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. v cc to gnd ..............................................................-0.3v to +6v ind to gnd ................................................-0.6v to (v cc + 0.3v) tune to gnd .............................................-0.3v to (v cc + 0.3v) out+, out- to gnd ..................................-0.3v to (v cc + 0.6v) continuous power dissipation (t a = +85?) 6-pin sot23 (derate 8.7 mw/? above +70?) ...........696mw operating temperature range ...........................-40? to +85? junction temperature ......................................................+150? storage temperature range .............................-65? to +150? lead temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300? ma max2609 t a = -40? to +85? t a = +25? 7.5 dc output current (note 3) 0.5 1.0 1.5 out+ plus out- t a = -40? to +85? t a = +25? t a = -40? to +85? t a = +25? t a = -40? to +85? t a = +25? t a = -40? to +85? t a = +25? parameter min typ max units 3.5 2.1 3.2 3.0 supply current (note 2) 2.1 2.7 2.7 4.4 5.5 3.6 6.8 tune input current 0.03 na supply voltage 2.7 5.5 v 1.9 2.6 2.8 conditions max2607 max2606 max2608 max2605 ma max2605?max2609 2 maxim integrated
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output ac electrical characteristics (max2605?ax2609 ev kits, v cc = +2.7v to +5.5v, v tune = 0.4v to 2.4v, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical val- ues are at v cc = +2.75v, v tune = 1.5v, and t a = +25?.) (note 1) max2609, q l 40 peak tuning gain 14.5 %/v v tune = 0.4v to 0.6v step (note 6) t a = +25? -5.0 +3.8 500 650 max2609 max2608, q l 40 max2607, q l 35 max2606, q l 35 max2605, q l 35 -107 dbc/hz -100 -93 -117 phase noise (note 8) -112 f offset = 100khz -4.7 +3.6 t a = +25? t a = +25? t a = +25? t a = +25? parameter min typ max units guaranteed frequency limits (relative to nominal) (note 5) -4.1 +3.2 300 500 -4.4 +3.4 -4.6 +3.6 oscillator nominal frequency range (note 4) 45 70 70 150 150 300 conditions max2606 max2605 max2608 max2607 max2608 max2605 max2606 max2607 single-ended output power (note 7) -10 dbm t a = -40? to +85? t a = -40? to +85? t a = -40? to +85? t a = -40? to +85? t a = -40? to +85? -2.25 +2.25 -2.5 +2.5 -2.75 +2.75 -2.8 +2.8 -3.0 +3.0 max2609 mhz % max2605?max2609 maxim integrated 3
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output ac electrical characteristics (continued) (max2605?ax2609 ev kits, v cc = +2.7v to +5.5v, v tune = 0.4v to 2.4v, t a = -40? to +85?, unless otherwise noted. typical val- ues are at v cc = +2.75v, v tune = 1.5v, and t a = +25?.) (note 1) note 1: production tested at t a = +25?. maximum and minimum over temperature limits are guaranteed by design and characterization. note 2: supply current is measured while the part is oscillating and inductor q q min . for max2605/max2606/max2607, q min = 35; for max2608/max2609, q min = 40. note 3: the dc output current is the total available output signal current. note 4: application range of the part is achieved using external inductance as specified in figures 1-5 and shown in figure 6. the inte r- nal varactors support center frequencies of 45mhz to 650mhz. the center frequency is defined by the value of the external inductor element, l f . the application frequency limits are guaranteed by design and characterization. note 5: the guaranteed (tested) limits min and max are measured at v tune = 0.4v and v tune = 2.4v, respectively. passing requirements are: ? min at v tune = 0.4 and ? max at v tune = 2.4v. the nominal frequency of oscillation is defined by the inductor. note 6: describes peak tuning gain, which occurs at v tune = 0.4v. note 7: measurement at out+ or out- matched for optimum power transfer into 50 ? load near the center of the operating frequency range. note 8: the phase-noise specifications listed apply to the typical operating circuit shown in figure 6. apply over the entire operating frequency range of the max2605?ax2609. note 9: supply pushing is measured with v cc stepped from +2.7v to +3.2v. 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 -40 0-20 20 40 60 80 supply current vs. temperature max2605/9-01 temperature (?) supply current (ma) max2609 max2605 max2606 max2607 max2608 0 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.10 -40 0-20 20 40 60 80 tune input leakage current vs. temperature max2605/9-02 temperature (c) leakage current (na) 45 50 55 60 65 0 1.00.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 max2605 vco tuning curve max2605/9-03 v tune (v) frequency (mhz) typical operating characteristics (max260_ ev kit, v cc = +2.75v, v tune = 1.4v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) dbc even-order harmonics -30 differential, r l = 50? each side parameter min typ max units 60 conditions max2605 120 max2606 480 max2608 220 max2607 supply pushing (note 9) 720 khz/v max2609 max2605?max2609 4 maxim integrated
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output 90 100 110 120 130 0 1.00.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 max2606 vco tuning curve max2605/9-04 v tune (v) frequency (mhz) 160 180 200 220 240 260 0 1.00.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 max2607 vco tuning curve max2605/9-05 v tune (v) frequency (mhz) 310 340 370 400 430 0 1.00.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 max2608 vco tuning curve max2605/9-06 v tune (v) frequency (mhz) 480 520 560 600 640 680 0 1.00.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 max2609 vco tuning curve max2605/9-07 v tune (v) frequency (mhz) -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 4f o 5f o 2f o 3f o f o 6f o 7f o max2605/9-08 frequency (db) output spectrum name function 1 ind tuning inductor port. connect an inductor from ind to gnd to set vco center frequency (see oscillation frequency ). 2 gnd ground. connect to the ground plane with a low-inductance path. pin 3 tune voltage-control input for frequency tuning. input voltage range from +0.4v to +2.4v. 4 out- high-impedance open-collector output. an external pull-up resistor or inductor to v cc is required. output power is dependent on external load impedance. out- is complementary to out+. 6 out+ high-impedance open-collector output. an external pull-up resistor or inductor to v cc is required. output power is dependent on external load impedance. out+ is complementary to out-. 5 v cc supply voltage connection. connect an external bypass capacitor to ground for low noise and low spuri- ous-output content. see layout issues for more details. pin description typical operating characteristics (continued) (max260_ ev kit, v cc = +2.75v, v tune = 1.4v, t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) max2605?max2609 maxim integrated 5
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output detailed description the max2605?ax2609 are low-noise vcos designed for fixed/single-frequency if applications. the core oscillator circuit is based on the well-known colpitts topology. the varactor and feedback capacitors are integrated on-chip so that only an external inductor is required to establish the frequency of oscillation and produce a properly operating vco. the tuning range, biasing, startup, etc., are all managed within the ic. this highly integrated design dramatically simplifies the parts?application. the tuning range is wide enough so that, with the use of ?% tolerance inductors, no board-level adjustments to the oscillation frequency are necessary. once the correct inductor value is chosen, the vco is guaran- teed always to tune to the desired operating frequency. in addition, with the use of inductors of moderate q (35 to 40), the vco achieves excellent phase-noise perfor- mance. applications information desired oscillation frequency the desired vco operating frequency is set by the value of the external inductance, l f . figures 1? show the inductance value l f required to achieve the desired oscillation frequency. the inductor value can be taken directly from these figures. inductance must be select- ed accurately to ensure proper operation over all con- ditions. inductor implementation the inductance value required for the desired operat- ing frequency may not necessarily coincide with a stan- dard-value smt inductor, which typically increases size in ~1.2x steps. in such cases, the inductance must be constructed from two inductors, l f1 and l f2 , in order to achieve the desired inductance value. choose l f1 to be a standard-value inductor with a value just less than that required for l f . choose l f2 to be a standard-value inductor with a value just less than (l f - l f1 ). l f1 should adhere to the minimum q requirements, but l f2 may be implemented as a lower-cost, lower-q, thin-film smt inductor. its lower q has only a small impact on the overall q of the total inductance because it is <20% of the total inductance. however, the overall q of l f1 and l f2 must be greater than the minimum inductor q (table 1). it is also permissible to use pc board traces to provide a small amount of inductance, thereby adjusting the total inductance value. on the max2608/max2609, the inductance values for l f2 are sometimes more exactly implemented as a pc board trace (shorted to gnd), rather than an smt inductor. when designing l f with two inductors, use the simple model in figure 7 to cal- culate x l and l eq . the l f in figures 1? represents an equivalent induc- tance as seen by pin 1 (ind). the equivalent induc- tance corresponds to the inductive reactance connected to ind at the desired oscillation frequency (f nominal ). l eq = x l / (2 f nominal ) as seen in figure 8 design l eq = l f at the desired f nominal . the max2605?ax2609 are designed to tolerate approxi- mately 0.5pf of external parasitic capacitance at ind. this parasitic capacitance arises from the pad capaci- tance at the device pin and pads for the inductor. additional shunt capacitance is not recommended because it degrades the tuning range. bypass capacitor on tune the max2605?ax2609? oscillator design uses a vari- ant of the colpitts topology, where dc bias for the var- actor is applied via a dc voltage on tune and a ground connection through the external inductor l f . tune must also have a high-frequency ac ground for table 1. external inductor l f range table 2. c bypass values 40 3.9 l f 15 500 to 650 max2609 40 35 35 35 min inductor q 10 l f 47 300 to 500 max2608 39 l f 180 150 l f 820 680 l f 2200 inductance range (nh) frequency range (mhz) 45 to 70 70 to 150 150 to 300 max2607 max2606 max2605 part 39 pf max2609 100 pf max2608 330 pf 680 pf 820 pf c bypass max2607 max2606 max2605 device max2605?max2609 6 maxim integrated
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output max2605 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 required inductance (nh) 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 effective inductance from ind to gnd inductor value mounted on ev kit measurement conditions v cc = 2.75v, t a = 25c, r load = 100?||50? (100? resistive pull-up paralleled with 50? vna impedance), unused output terminated in 50?, pcb parasitic shunt capacitance (ind to gnd) = 0.45pf the inductance listed is the precise nominal inductance value required from ind to gnd in order to guarantee the vco can tune to the desired fixed frequency, over all operating conditions and worst-case component values (2% inductor and ic process variation). desired vco fixed frequency (mhz) figure 1. max2605 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency max2605?max2609 maxim integrated 7
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output max2606 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency 790 740 690 640 590 540 490 440 390 340 290 240 190 required inductance (nh) 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 effective inductance from ind to gnd inductor value mounted on ev kit 140 70 140 145 150 measurement conditions v cc = 2.75v, t a = 25c, r load = 100?||50? (100? resistive pull-up paralleled with 50? vna impedance), unused output terminated in 50?, pcb parasitic shunt capacitance (ind to gnd) = 0.45pf the inductance listed is the precise nominal inductance value required from ind to gnd in order to guarantee the vco can tune to the desired fixed frequency, over all operating conditions and worst-case component values (2% inductor and ic process variation). desired vco fixed frequency (mhz) figure 2. max2606 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency max2605?max2609 8 maxim integrated
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output max2607 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 required inductance (nh) 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 inductor value mounted on ev kit 30 150 290 300 170 effective inductance from ind to gnd measurement conditions v cc = 2.75v, t a = 25c, r load = 100?||50? (100? resistive pull-up paralleled with 50? vna impedance), unused output terminated in 50?, pcb parasitic shunt capacitance (ind to gnd) = 0.45pf the inductance listed is the precise nominal inductance value required from ind to gnd in order to guarantee the vco can tune to the desired fixed frequency, over all operating conditions and worst-case component values (2% inductor and ic process variation). desired vco fixed frequency (mhz) figure 3. max2607 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency max2605?max2609 maxim integrated 9
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output max2608 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency 40.0 38.0 37.0 32.0 29.0 27.0 25.0 22.0 20.0 17.0 15.0 13.0 11.0 required inductance (nh) 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 470 9.0 300 480 41.0 420 430 440 450 460 490 500 36.0 35.0 34.0 33.0 31.0 30.0 28.0 26.0 24.0 23.0 21.0 19.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 effective inductance from ind to gnd inductor value mounted on ev kit measurement conditions v cc = 2.75v, t a = 25c, r load = 100?||50? (100? resistive pull-up paralleled with 50? vna impedance), unused output terminated in 50?, pcb parasitic shunt capacitance (ind to gnd) = 0.45pf the inductance listed is the precise nominal inductance value required from ind to gnd in order to guarantee the vco can tune to the desired fixed frequency, over all operating conditions and worst-case component values (2% inductor and ic process variation). figure 4. max2608 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency max2605?max2609 10 maxim integrated
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output max2609 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency 13.5 13.0 11.5 11.0 10.0 9.5 9.0 8.5 7.5 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 required inductance (nh) 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 3.5 500 640 650 14.0 effective inductance from ind to gnd inductor value mounted on ev kit 12.5 12.0 10.5 8.0 7.0 4.5 4.0 desired vco fixed frequency (mhz) measurement conditions v cc = 2.75v, t a = 25c, r load = 100?||50? (100? resistive pull-up paralleled with 50? vna impedance), unused output terminated in 50?, pcb parasitic shunt capacitance (ind to gnd) = 0.45pf the inductance listed is the precise nominal inductance value required from ind to gnd in order to guarantee the vco can tune to the desired fixed frequency, over all operating conditions and worst-case component values (2% inductor and ic process variation). figure 5. max2609 required inductance vs. desired vco fixed frequency max2605?max2609 maxim integrated 11
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output the cathode of the varactor. this is accomplished through the use of a simple bypass capacitor connect- ed from tune to ground. the value of this capacitor should be greater than or equal to the values listed in table 2. this capacitor provides an ac ?hort?to ground for the internal node of the varactor. it is acceptable to select the next-largest standard-value capacitor. use a capacitor with a low-loss dielectric such as npo; x7r- based capacitors are not suitable. omitting this capac- itor would affect the tuning characteristics of the max2605?ax2609. proper operation of the vcos requires the use of this bypass capacitor. the max2605?ax2609 vco is designed to tune over the full tuning range with a voltage range of 0.4v to 2.4v applied to tune. this voltage typically originates from the output of the phase-locked (pll) loop filter. output interface the max2605?ax2609 vco includes a differential output amplifier after the oscillator core. the amplifier stage provides valuable isolation and offers a flexible interface to the if stages, such as a mixer and pll prescaler. the output can be taken single ended or dif- ferentially; however, the maximum output power and lowest harmonic output are achieved in the differential output mode. both outputs (out- and out+) are open-collector types and require a pull-up element to v cc ; this can be either resistive or inductive. a resistor pull-up is the most straightforward method of interfacing to the out- put, and works well in applications that operate at lower frequencies or only require a modest voltage swing. in figure 6, z1 and z2 are 1k ? pull-up resistors that are connected from out+ and out- to v cc , respectively. these resistors provide dc bias for the output amplifier and are the maximum value permitted with compliance to the output voltage swing limits. in addition, the 1k ? resistors maximize the swing at the load. dc-blocking capacitors are connected from out- and out+ to the load. if the load driven is primarily resistive and the vco operating frequency is below the -3db bandwidth of the output network, then the peak-to-peak differential signal amplitude is approximately: to optimize the output voltage swing or the output power, use a reactive power match. the matching net- work is a simple shunt-inductor series-capacitor circuit, as shown in figure 6. the inductors are connected from out- and out+ (in place of resistors) to v cc to provide dc bias for the output stage. the series capac- itors are connected from out- and out+ to the load. the values for l match (z 1 and z 2 ) and c match (c 1 and c 2 ) are chosen according to the operating fre- quency and load impedance. as the output stage is essentially a high-speed current switch, traditional lin- ear impedance using techniques with [s] parameters do not apply. to achieve a reactive power match, start with the component values provided in the ev kit, and adjust values experimentally. in general, the differential output may be applied in any manner, as would conventional differential outputs. the only constraints are the need for a pull-up element to v cc and a voltage swing limit at the output pins out- and out+. layout considerations in general, a properly designed pc board is essential to any rf/microwave circuit or system. always use con- trolled impedance lines (microstrip, coplanar wave- guide, etc.) on high-frequency signals. always place decoupling capacitors as close to the v cc pin as pos- sible. for low phase noise and spurious content, use an appropriate size decoupling capacitor. for long v cc lines, it may be necessary to add additional decoupling capacitors located further from the device. always pro- vide a low-inductance path to ground. keep the gnd vias as close to the device as possible. in addition, the vco should be placed as far away from the noisy sec- tion of a larger system, such as a switching regulator or digital circuits. use star topology to separate the ground returns. the resonator tank circuit (l f ) is critical in determining the vco? performance. for best performance, use high-q components and choose values carefully. to minimize the effects of parasitic elements, which degrade circuit performance, place l f and c byp close to their respective pins. specifically, place c byp direct- ly across pins 2 (gnd) and 3 (tune). for the higher frequency versions, consider the extra parasitic inductance and capacitance when determin- ing the oscillation frequency. be sure to account for the following: pc board pad capacitance at ind, pc board pad capacitance at the junction of two series inductors, series inductance of any pc board traces, and the inductance in the ground return path from the ground- ed side of the inductor and ic? gnd pin. for best results, connect the ?round?side to the tuning induc- tor as close to pin 2 as possible. in addition, remove the ground plane around and under l f and c byp to minimize the effects of parasitic capacitance. v diff 2 1ma 1k r 1k r outp p load load ? () = + ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? max2605?max2609 12 maxim integrated
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output chip information transistor count: 158 c1 c3 r load r load c2 z2 z1 out- tune from pll loop filter output 1 6 out+ 5 v cc l f c byp max2605 max2606 max2607 max2608 max2609 2 34 v cc figure 6. typical operating circuit max2605?max2609 maxim integrated 13
45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output ind max2605 max2606 max2607 max2608 max2609 1 l f2 c par1 l f1 c par2 figure 7. simple model of external inductance ind max2605 max2606 max2607 max2608 max2609 1 l eq = x l / 2 ? nominal x l figure 8. inductive reactance at pin 1 (ind) max2605 max2606 max2607 max2608 max2609 4 z l v cc figure 9. output matching network max2605?max2609 14 maxim integrated
package information 6lsot.eps 45mhz to 650mhz, integrated if vcos with differential output 15 maxim integrated 160 rio robles, san jose, ca 95134 usa 1-408-601-1000 maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circuit patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. the parametric values (min and max limits) shown in the electrical characteristics table are guaranteed. other parametric values quoted in this data sheet are provided for guidance. ? 2002 maxim integrated the maxim logo and maxim integrated are trademarks of maxim integrated products, inc. max2605?max2609

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